![]() Optical diode action from axially asymmetric nonlinearity in an all-carbon solid-state device. Asymmetric wave propagation in nonlinear systems. Electromagnetic wave analogue of an electronic diode. All-optical diodes based on photonic crystal molecules consisting of nonlinear defect pairs. All-optical diode in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. Magnetic-free non-reciprocity based on staggered commutation. Magnetic-free non-reciprocity and isolation based on parametrically modulated coupled-resonator loops. Angular-momentum-biased nanorings to realize magnetic-free integrated optical isolation. Sound isolation and giant linear nonreciprocity in a compact acoustic circulator. Giant non-reciprocity at the subwavelength scale using angular momentum-biased metamaterials. Nonreciprocal components with distributedly modulated capacitors. Optical diode made from a moving photonic crystal. Electrically driven nonreciprocity induced by interband photonic transition on a silicon chip. Complete optical isolation created by indirect interband photonic transitions. Non-reciprocal photonics based on time modulation. Gyrotropic response in the absence of a bias field. Magnetless nonreciprocal metamaterial (MNM) technology: application to microwave components. Microwave Engineering 3rd edn (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NY, 2005). We also show that a larger number of resonators can be used to further increase the isolation intensity range without diminishing the other metrics of the device. We theoretically show, and then experimentally demonstrate using a microwave circuit, that the combination of one Fano and one Lorentzian nonlinear resonator, and a suitable delay line between them, can provide unitary transmission, infinite isolation, broad bandwidth and broad isolation intensity range. Here, we show that any isolator formed from one nonlinear resonator suffers from these limitations, and that they can be overcome by combining multiple nonlinear resonators with suitable intensity dispersion. ![]() However, the nonlinear isolators developed so far have limitations in terms of insertion loss, isolation, bandwidth and isolation intensity range. Alternatively, nonlinear effects can be used, which offer a route to fully passive devices that do not require any form of external bias. These devices inherently require the breaking of Lorentz reciprocity, which can be achieved with an external bias, such as a magnetic field, that breaks time-reversal symmetry. Isolators are devices that transmit waves only in one direction, and are widely used to protect sensitive equipment from reflections and interference. ![]()
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